The Exxon Valdez Di...

call of duty

The Exxon Valdez Disaster : Readings on a Modern Social Problem

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The Exxon Valdez Disaster : Readings on a Modern Social Problem

Author: Year Of Pub : 2008
Product ID: 38386o

The development of this volume reflects the collective research interests of the editors over the last seven years on the Exxon disaster in Alaska. Picou and Gill first conducted fieldwork in 1989, five months after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. In 1991, Picou, Gill and Cohen spent two and one-half months in southcentral Alaska collecting sociological and economic data on the oil spill. Since that time, Picou and Gill have continued to collect data and conduct fieldwork in Alaska. Over the years, we have shared our varied experiences and research findings, as well as our understanding of this disaster, in the classroom and with our colleagues and friends. Their response has been one of extreme interest, fascination, and concern. The inspiration for this book emerged from the fact that relatively little information had been systematically assembled and made available on this event as a technological disaster. Our primary objective in compiling this volume was to provide a general introduction to the social problem of technological disasters in terms of a case study of the largest oil spill in North American history-the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill.

Over the years, we have identified a number of publications from a wide variety of sources on the Exxon Valdez oil spill. These publications covered a range of scientific disciplines but many were inaccessible to social scientists and students. We have used a number of these articles as required readings in courses such as social problems, environmental sociology, sociology of disasters, human ecology, the community, and environmental economics. Those reprinted in this text proved to be both informative and interesting to a broad cross-section of students from undergraduate to graduate. However, there were a number of obvious gaps in the research literature on the social dimensions of the spill, and, accordingly, we have attempted to fill these voids with five original chapters. Chapter contents range from official accounts and interpretive narratives to modestly technical studies of psychological and economic impacts, allowing the instructor the flexibility to emphasize a variety of basic sociological issues.

List of Tables

List of Figures

Foreword Kai Erikson

Preface

Section 1 Technological Disasters as a Social Problem: The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Editors Introduction

The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill as a Technological Disaster: Conceptualizing a Social Problem

J. Steven Picou, Duane A. Gill and Maurie J. Cohen

The Imaginary Journey of Captain Joseph Hazelwood John Keeble

The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and Response Preparedness: A Report to the President National Response Team

Supertanker Politics and Rhetorics of Risk: The Wreck of the Exxon Valdez Lee Clarke

The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in the Context of U.S. Petroleum Politics Robert Gramling and William R. Freudenburg

Section 2 Ecological and Economic Impacts Editors Introduction

Oil in the Sea: Initial Biological Impacts of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Nancy Lord

Probing an Oil-Stained Legacy Rick Steiner

Recovery of Injured Resources and Services: 1996 Update Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council

Economic Impacts of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Maurie J. Cohen

Section 3 Sociocultural and Psychological Impacts Editors Introductiun

The Day the Water Died: Cultural Impacts of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Duane A. Gill and J. Steven Picou

Community Impacts of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Mari Rodin, Michael Downs, John Petterson and John Russell

Commercial Fishers and Stress: Psychological Impacts of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

J. Steven Picou and Duane A. Gill

Section 4 Continuing Controversies: The Press, Litigation and Restoration Editors Introduction

Sad Is Too Mild a Word: Press Coverage of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

Patrick Daley and Dan ONeill

The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Government Settlement and Restoration Activities Ernest Piper

Justice Delayed: Seven Years Later and No End in Sight,

William B. Hirsch

Technological Disasters and Social Policy: Lessons from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, J. Steven Picou, Duane A. Gill and Maurie J. Cohen

Glossary

Appendix A Related Films and Websites

Contributors

List of Tables

Table 1-1: Eriksons Classification of Disasters

Table 9-1: Earnings by Economic Sector, State of Alaska and Southcentral Region, 1988

Table 9-2: With-Impact and Without-Impact Regional Earnings Scenarios, Southcentral Alaska, 1989 and 1990

Table 9-3: Harvest Volume Deficits, Southcentral Alaska, 1989

Table 9-4: Forecasted vs. Actual Ex-Vessel Prices, Southcentral Alaska, 1989 and 1990

Table 9-5: Forecasted vs. Actual Ex -Vessel Revenue, Southcentral Alaska, 1989 and 1990

Table 10-1: Harvests of Wild Resources for Home Use, Pounds per Capita, in Selected Communities in the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Area, 1982-1993

Table 10-2: Impact of Events Subscale Mean Comparisons of Alaska Natives and Commercial Fishers in Cordova, 1991 and 1992

Table 10-3: Social Disruption among Alaska Natives in Cordova, 1989-1992

Table 12-1: Response Rates for the 1991 and 1992 Household Survey for Cordova, Petersburg and Valdez

Table 12-2: Sociodemographic Characteristics of 1991 and 1992 Total Sample and Community Samples

Table 12-3: Mann-Whitney V-Test for Levels of Intrusive Stress by Community for 1991 and 1992

Table 12-4: Mann-Whitney V-Test for Levels of Intrusive Stress by Community for Fishing Occupation, 1991 and 1992

Table 12-5: Mann-Whitney V-Test Probabilities for Demographic Categories and 1991 Intrusive Stress for Total Sample and Community Samples

Table 16-1: Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies Corporate Code of Conduct

List of Figures

Figure 1-1: Map of Prince William Sound and Tanker Grounding Location

Figure 3-1: Schematic Diagram of Exxon Valdez Showing Damaged Tanks

Figure 3-2: Map of Prince William Sound and Tanker Grounding Location

Figure 5-1: A Chronology of Petroleum Politics

Figure 6-1: Estimated Annual Amount of Crude Oil in the Sea

Figure 6-2: Distribution of Oil Following the Amoco Cadiz Grounding

Figure 8-1: Injured Resources and Services from Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, 1996

Figure 9-1: Regional Quarterly Earnings for With and Without Impact Scenarios, Southcentral Alaska, 1989-1990

Figure 9-2: Fishery Product Harvest Volume, Southcentral Alaska, 1988

Figure 9-3: Fishery Product Ex-Vessel Value, Southcentral Alaska, 1988

Figure 9-4: Decision Rules for Determining Harvest Volume Impacts Due to an Oil Spill

Figure 9-5: Ex-Vessel Price Trend for Pacific Salmon, State of Alaska, 1964-1990

Figure 10-1: Anticipatory Utilization Cultural Cycle of Alaska Natives

Figure 11-1: Number of Clients by Month, Seward Life Action Council, 1988-89

Figure 11-2: Valdez Police Department Officer Response, 1988-89

Figure 14-1: Terms of the Exxon Valdez Settlement

Figure 14-2: Organizational Structure of Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council

Figure 14-3: Allocations of Exxon Valdez Civil Settlement Funds

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